Truck.



W. A. CASWELL. mum.

l mi

MIN@

W. A. CASWELL.

TRUCK. APPLICATION lLED )UNE l. g.

1,215,342. Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4- muni ma ll l UNiTED STATES PATENT on Non. i

To lllwhom 'it may tomtom:

Be 1t known that l.' W'nmim A. CAswEL-i'.,

a. oitir/on oftlie United Eitatos. :ind vesiclemt l of Chicago, in tho oomntywr of @ook anni State oil Illinois, have inventori certain new and noiui mprovel'uonts in 'I`il1cl o, of which Vtiio following is n. tioooi'iption, mioVonoo boing iizicll .to the oooolinpnnying (lion/ings,

lli

" :for nso in oonnootion with railway oms, has for .its objeot the provision of n oon-v" striiotion wlmi-e111 tiio nonni tronsom, Wheeliyhioh foi-m :t part of my specification.

lily lnventlon rentos'to trucks intomlnd Sitios nml joliunnl housings; om modo into-- ggini so nato-:form n single unit; tno truck lining minloof suitable nmtoiini ns. iol: on@ ample, oitiloi' snot Stool.J` milloobio iron, oi' sntool plate.

l -Anotlior object my in'vontion to pro-- vide o construction poos @sing greater Strength and durability tho-n tino monstruoing the. 'tr-.m 35.

"which may lio tron-(lily -1 n .the nations tionsI at, present in, nso, :incl thoiofore roquitting less attention nml iojpnii. with the result that moro continuons servico may bo liafl.

Another object of vide n IMinoli nclziptocl oinlslioolis nml provide yyioltling oi* suoliioning rolntion with tho nnfloii'zimo of the oai' Without clirootljii oom-ying the load on the cushioning moans no' lios been tlio ons@ in constructions lioi'otoifoi'o. nrioil. .The invention nlso contemplates.

lsoin {ng-om i tho trnok ivitli n. @tool Aoo my invention is to pro dei portion of will lio provi ed lunmnrtori intl tho f liiiionltios onoonntoiocl in connotation with suoli pinotioowill be pinotionlly obvinteti.

rIheiiwo'ntion contemplates it oi'instinotion assemblati.; :incl wher@ "ports nro readily accessible for repair nini tlio like.; tlio invontion poo Spocination of Letters ntent. l

to flistiibnto tho Strains provini.` motion of tho iTonS. lnmn oi' @lement oomposocl oil ootool ohnnnol nml tingle irons .i oust integral tiinonfitlg., so that the tinnoom ,v `the vjoninnl notiioir object oi? my invention is to pro-- Patented Fei. 13, 191i.

. .ifplicanun mea :me 1, 1915. serial m. amas.

sooo-ing -Fothen ndvantngos not lioreinbeoro onnmerntech lont i which will bo opponent from tho following cletalod dosotiptioil. and. other features forth.

:in the fli'owinggsw l is front olovation'of my im piovoiltruck, with the nations parto assolo blocfl nuclY ieniiy to ireooivo the conter sill of the onif`undoi'ii1Lnmo. o f

il is ittop plan viow thereof.

Fig. 3 is n sitio elevation of my improvocl truck., i 4

Fig. 4; is :i .oi'oss sectional View indem-- tion through the contar o'i the trn'ok .taken on tho lino Lil-'5ft of Fig. 5?..

Fig. 5 is n tinl'lovorso section in olovation Winch will bo horeinnftersot ill of the transom or' crossgirdeirpoi'tion oi' my top pion View` of the tifnolf.

Fig. l() is o. bottom View the tinolt immo. l

Fig. ll is n. Gross sectional www, toko-i1 on tho line 1li-#ill oi' Fig, looking in the cli Fig. l2 is n.ilootjtom plzi'nof the l'olstoi. Fig. 1B is afvortioal sootionalviow through tho loolstoi", tiiifolfinme and iid bonfing, taken on tlio liiiol-l olii Fig. 41, in tlio directionV of tho arrows. n

Fig. 14 is o venti 'al seotionnlvion'ytakon through ono` 'of the journal-housing 4with inokon www, illutrziting my imjmovol jonrinnlbearings.` f

1,5 afvertfoal Sectiomil ViewHtikon on the lino 15-15` of Fig. 14,. ooiiig in the direction of the arrows. y i

Fig. il@ is n tlotnil sectional View of n. por tion of tho sitio bont-ing.

Fing. i7 is; n. detail View of tlio 'Boll/bouh ing; tor tho journals, Sliiowln in olofm tion. W Fig. 'if is :in ond or fi-ont' Viowtiirooi. Fig. 19 yis. initial oootiooollviii" and elevation of :i .portion oltlio aid homing@ 9 is o. top plain View oi tho oo-vof` illl oltin g' msy shown in Figs. 14 and 15, or at the sides of the spring-plate car or holder of the sidebearing, as-:shown in Fig. V5.

Fig. -23is` a detail view of the spindle which extends into the pressure-column of the side-bearing. Fig. 24 is a top plan 'view of the centerplate. Y

l Fig. 25 is a side view thereof.

Fig.'26 is a detail view ofthe journalhousing section o r cap-portion, secured at the wheel-side andend of the housing.

Fig. 27 is a side elevation thereof.

In the particular exempliication of my invention,the main or frame-portion of the truck consists of two parts or pieces; namely the. lowerf portion .of the fra-ine being one piece, while the cover-plate constitutes thev other. p The wheel-sides`30, 30 and the cross'- girder 31 are cast or formed integral, as more clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 10, constituting what I have termed the lower portion of the frame. The cross-girder is adapted to receive thc sparate unit or .cover- 85 section 32, shown i.. Figs. 8 and 9, and which constitutes the other or second part or piece. The cross-girder portion 31 of the truc frame, like the wheel-side portions, may be made either of cast steel, malleable iron or steel plateI drawn into the required form by Well known methods at present in use; the cross-ginder portion being preferably provided with a iian'ged memberv or steel chanvnel 33, as shown in Figs. 4 and 11, extend- 'ing longitudinally throughout the length of' the girder and substantially across the wheel-sides 30, 30, as can be seen in Fig. 4.- The steel channel 33 is preferably cast into the girder-portion with the flanged sides presented downwardly, see Figs. 4, 11 and 13, so. as to provide a smooth, fiat upper surface adapted to receive certain portions of the cushioning means or pressure-distributing means hereinafter to be described.

The channel 33 has a pair of angle irons 34., 34, secured thereto, by suitable rivets or otherwise, along opposite sides of the channel 33 and extending longitudinally of the cross-girder 31; the angle irons 34 being So secured as to present the main or long pnrtion upwardly, as more. clearly shown in 11 and 13; the angle-irons preferably extending intermediate of the wheel-sides 30. The channel 33, with the angle-irons 34,

34, provide a suitable chamber or'slide-wa'y.

for the anti-friction cushioning means above referred to.

They underside of the wheel-Sides eo, so

of the `truck-frame are shown provided with suitable reinforcing ribs 30, and the under side of the cross-girder 31" is also shown provided with a. ,heavyA reinforcing web 31 extending throughout the lengthI ofthe crossgirder, see Fig. 10. The longitudinal sides of the cross-girder 31 are provided with a rsuitable number of properly spaced boltholes l31", see Fig. A10, adapted to receive bolts wherebv the cover-member 32, shown in Figs. S a l 9, is secured in place; the cross-girdei' 31, at the central point, being provided with the king-pin opening 31, see Fi s. 6 and 10.-

sy shown' in Fig. 11, the truck-frame is `cast soa's to provide the channel or chamber extending longitudinally through the cross: girder 31 and transverselyA 'through the wheel-Sides 30, 30, see Fig., 11, so as to provide openings at oppositersides of the truck to permit of the insertion of the cushioning means above referred to. The ends of `thechannel or chamber, after the cushion-1 ing means or hearings havebeen inserted, arefintended to be closedby thecover-plates 35, "35, see Figs. 3, 4 and 5; the plates are held in place by the bolts or rods 36 which extend through bolt-holes '37 and transversely through the frame from side to side, see Figs. 3,5 and 11,. The bolts or rods 36 preferably extend ,along in grooves formed L enlargements, as shown in Fig. 11, adapted to receive the journal-housing sections orcaps 40, .disclosed in Figs. 26 and 27. The frontends of the journal-housings are left o pen, as shown'in Fig. 7. The'inner end of the portion of the 'cap/f or journal-housing section 40, adapted to close the enlarged opening in the housing, as shown in Fig. 1'1, is also provided'with a semi-elliptical forma'- tion or.. cut-out portion, asl indicated at 40, see Fig. 27, so as to fit about the ends of the journals 39. This journal-fitting portion or wall of membew 40 is also provided with grooves 4Gb, 40 at the top and bottom edges, see Fig. 26, these grooves being intended to receive the tongues 38", 38b on the inner or wheel-side wall of the journal-housings, at

the upper .and lower ends ofthe enlarged openings,` see Fine? and 11. The prtlon or wall a, of the section or e'ap 40, adapted to lit about the jor-117i 5l, yis arrrmgelI near. one side ofthe other portion or wing of cap:

40, so as topermit said-portion or wm to extend entirely across the open fronten of the journal-honeing, as shownv ixrFigs. .1,2

and 3.

` The` cover or eape4() are secvuredi-n place by means of the bolts 41, extending through the fourferners thereoL-With the bolts `41n at'the lvir'eorners preferably adaptedfto extend entirely through the yhousings ,and

lengthwise -of`-rthe Wheel-side of the frame,

as shown in Fig. 3, thereby vnot only securfy ing the eover-eeetionsor caps.f40.lat both endsof the same wlieeleside, bntffalso provid ing a eonneetinglinlr or truss for reinfor.

ing the wheeleiclee of the truck. f

The journal-housings '38 are formed to re- -eeive the ball-member orbearing 42, see Figs. 14, 17 and 18. The spherieal member orball uit made liollow'to reeeivethe eud of the' f olzlrnal 39 land tbe inner Wall, adjacent the Aenti. oi.' the jonrnah 1s' preierably' provlded with a eenter lug' or thrust-prrtion 42, see

Figa 14 and 18, Whieh is arlapited to extend inte the depression formed at the'enfle ofthe journals when the latter are beingwmachined s or turned true.

The spherical `members or are* propre-ly helel in tbe'journal-houeing 3.8 by` omitted.

`rf'ormerl with the lange542b, sufficient` pla-y be.-

lfnfneane of a. suitable eupybr bieeeteclblock,` haring a Spherical soeketr-orv chamber, as shown in Fig. 14, composed of the" portions..

and 44, see `Fig. 15. As shown, thewtwo lialree 43 and 44 :tit about lthe ballbearing 42,

en ae to permit the flange-portions 42h renting irrt., etea'entering the ball-reeiving chamber; desired, thejflange1-42 may be' When the fball'memberl l42 1s tween it anti tbe socket-member should be;

` lill menue ofthe rode orfbolte menait is evident t' provided, shownat 44a in Fig.l 145 inorder .to permit the ballenernber 49,'to hareoseillatery movement in the socket-merliber,,thus` allofwii, lno'r'emefnt of'. the .journal in the 'joi'rrna'ilhousing `'reeultinp; from uneyennerss in the trank., lilith. thisfescillatory' mover' aleo not be cramped. yfllhe tino-portions .on

elee've 46, whereby the roller-bearin-gs'?, eee

^ Wiege."14Janrl1tbgare held in contaet ,with thel eine hat tbevr jounnalancl jour# `l nal-housing will not eubjeetedg'to the egt-rains caused by theteetering'netionpf the., truck, and, therefore, tb.ebe`ar`ings',to

.together by e..

reduced end of the ournal 39, as shown in Fig. 14. The sleeve 46 is preferably so secured within the ball member 42 as topre- Vent rotation of the `sleeve in the ball-bearing member 42;,111 other words, to prevent rotaf Y tion of vthesleeve 446 with the journal. 'The sleeve 46, at its outer end, is preferably provided With a groove 47, see Fig. 14, adapted toreeeive suitable means or packing to pre ventydirt Working its Way into the bearingsy Within the sleeve.

The journal-honeings v38 are formed so as `to 4provide -a spring-rece1vin`g Chamber or f pocket,"sho wn at 48,. In the preferred form of the invention, I employ a. seriesV of springmembersfor plates 49 arranged transversely of the journal-housings, as 'shown in Fig. 15, and alsoiof a Width eommensurate with the eov Widthof the chamber ,0r poeket 48, as Shfn'vn inFig 14. The'enshioning means, located in tbe upperv part of the jen rnai-housings, adapted to take vupvertieal `movement or motion; and preferably. eempriser.'` the spring-plates 49, formed ae shown in lli 2l,

= w/itlitheir ends bentor provided with the 4lugportlons 49% whereby the swung-mmm bers or plates 49 will maintain a proper` spared' relation.. Arranged intermediate of the Sprung-plates or members 49, areL follower p1ates,5(),hav1ng a. Fiat side, as Shown, to rest upon the Hat surface of the springfplate or member 49 immediately beneath, while the upper surfaeeot tbeollower member 50 is Hconvex, as more clearly shown F 22. `This convened lor arcuate surface-1s intended tofbeargagainst the lower side of the 'springplate or `member 49 arranged immediately above, andi at a point intermediate of the ends `thereohtlnle Causing the pressure to be transmitted or taken up by the various platee of' the series, The lower-most spring-plate 49 of the serieeneefl y,nolnbe provided with the bent portions or luge lMaf-being preferably `in `the nature of a fiat steel nplate,.`as shown Qin Fig.,15, anflbas its eentral portion resting upon vthe upper'eurverl surface of the enge or sooketformingblocks 4.3 and 44,-"as`ehown j' The vertical siclefo'the inner onge-bloei; 44

de eoneavecl, as shown in Fig. 15. and

haseont-aet with the steelplate or cushion,

ing member 51, see Figl; tlle'steel plate or ensh'oning member vl'fitting intermediate of the innersQeket-block 44 and the .inner Wall of the `jiournabhousing 5:38. The, inner Wall ofthehousing is ronveXerl or arched, as

,ehovvnmt 52 ,in 15, eo astobear against lthe -`entraiportion ofcuehioning means or lla l5 Willchxls ypernnttefl to fier. by reason y, 1e coneavefeirle of eagebloelr '44. The 1ng-plate 51 promdee, an inertia andn n y n I r I. V..euehornng; mienne aclapted to taire np the 4e; le `marie euilreientlyj large tp' reeerve' they' momentum dueto the startingandetopping ofthe tram, ',thatth'e blows erftbruets will i the housings minimized. In the illustration, I have shown a single plate or member l51,

Vbut it will be understood that two or more spring-plates may be employed,lif desired. Mounted on the cross-.girder 31`arev a pair of cams or fulcrum levers 53, the :inner or abutting ends whereof are curved, as` shown 'in Fig. 4., so that the ends may rock upon each other when forced downwardly outfbffthenormal position shown i'n Fig. 4. The inner end bears against shoulders onthe upper end of the enlarged portion of-the grooves formed in the abutting ends of the flcrmn` levers 53, as shown in Fig. 4. The spring'55- is made of sufficient strength to maintain the cams orA fulcrum levers 53 inthe normally;terrien-side'vall's'l being preferably terracedn or stepped, a'srshown at 573,'"F19, soas to-- v inclined or upward position shownin Fig. 4.

The king-pin 54v isfmadeof sufficient lengthi to extend through the eross-girder, as shown in Fig. 4;'the lower 'end of theking-pin being shown provided with-a hole 54 adapted to'receive a suitable cotter pin to prevent the accidental disassembling of the various membersfor parts of the center-bearing.

The upper surfaces' of the. cams or fulcrm levers 53 are also preferably made arcuate, to bear vagainst the inner curved surface of the center-plate 56, ses Fig.f4. The i center-plate 56 is preferably formed, as

shown in Figs. 24 and 25, so as to provide'.

' theshoulders 5611, which. with the depending sides 56h, see Figs. 4 and 25, permit the center-plateto fit into the opening ,32a of the cover-section 32 of the truck-frame, see Fig. 9; the enlarged sides of the centerplates, whereby the shoulders 56,a are formed, will lit into theenlarged portion of the opening 32a of the cover-'section 32, thus permitting the center-plate to move venti?,l cally but at the-same time hold it, agaif l'ast l transverse movement.

the guide-pins 53b which also'f'fextend through the holes inthe lobes 32bfformed in the cover-section or member 32 of-the truckframe, see Fig.'8. i

TheA cover-plate section 32 is provided with a suitable number of depending extensions 32c adapted tov maintain the coverplate in its proper spaced relation to the. cross-girder-31, so as to provide space or.

crum levers, hereinafter to'be described. Y V

30-of the truck-frame, see Fig. 5.

the smooth surface afforded by surface or head 6.0,

The outerends of theeams of` fulcrum-Y levers 53 are shown pro-vided with lobes 53. having /elongated holes adapted tol.,receive bolt-receiving holes adapted tjo be brought into register with the bolt-receiving holes 3lb of the cross-girder, andreceive the bolts 32.

The endsv of 'the cover-section 32 .are shown provided withthe rectangular openings 32", 32d; and preferably also with the lugs 32- adapted to fit about shoulders 301 cast on the inner side'of the wheel-sections Mounted on the truck-frame, 'namely on iron 33, and `'between the Yupwardly -pre-' sented legs 'or sides of the angleirons 3ft, so as to vpermit sliding movement transversely of the truck, are a pair of springiplate holding members o r carriers 457,- 5.7, 'see Figs. 4

and 13, and shown in detail in Fig. 19. The members or'oarriers 57 are preferably somewhat in the-nature of `a box with a H at bottom, as shown in Figs .1l3iand 1 9: the inprovide supporting` ledges for' the steel see Figs. 6 and'lO,

the channel-A spring-plates or cushioning means' 58. Any

'suitablenumber of` plates 58 mayrbelemj ployed/that will'give suieient cushion Ifor the side-bearing. In order to distribute vthe pressure to each plate 58, I provide' follower members or plates 59, which may bel similar mak in construction to the followers 50 heretoi if fore described. As the pressure will be a fr plied from the top, the fiat sides of At `e vfollower members 59 are presented up.- wardly, so that the arcuate surface will bear downwardly on 'the center of the spring-plates beneath. The carrier 57 has its interior hollowed out to a point beneath the lowermost terrace o r ledge 57a in order to permit the lowermost'aplate 58 to Hex -at its `center when pressure is applied to the bearing.

The top plate '58 receives the pressureapplying member or eolumn'GO, see Fig s-.- 4, 13 and 19. VThelower end of'column 60 is shown provided with an enlarged bearing which is preferably curved, as shown, so as to permit proper applicationV of the downward. pressure on the central portion of lthe top plate/5.8 to induce the latter to flex. ,This enlarged. portion or head 6()EL may be simply have the frictional contact shown, as .the lateral movement of the carriers 57, due

tothe action of the cams or fulcrum levers- 53,l isnot extensive.

The. columns or members 60 are preferprovided with one or more, anti-friction,` rollers to bear on the top spring plate 58,'or

ably 'rectangular in cross-section toffitv the,"

rectangular openings 32'i in the cover member or section 32 of .the truck-frame, see Figs. 4, 51nd 9.

The coll/umn 50 is provided with Va .socket 'las f missie extending lengthwise thereof, adapted to reyceive thespindle 61, see Figs. 5, 13, 19 and l wherein the anti-friction bearings 64 'may' .to l, Ways 6l'a formedv in the under surface of. the

23 .the spindlelbeing free trotate -gin'the column 60. Theupper end of `spindle 61 is Vprovided With a` hearhsee Fig. 23, which is adapted to fit into the socket 62, formed in the under surface of the anti-friction bear ing holder or cage 63, as more clearly shown in Figs. 13 and 16. v I i. i The anti-friction bearing holder or cage V63 is preferably of the construction more clearly shown in Fig. 16, wherein the in terior is provided With an inner diaphragm or wall 63a extending from side to side and spaced from the outer or main Wall a dis tancey sufficient to receive 'the enti-funktion bearings 64," so as to 'provide a race-way move about inA the continuous trackformed intermediate `of the inner. wall or, .-p'artition and the outer Wall of the cage or holder;

thus allowing a shifting of the anti-friction bearings and obviatingthe possible wear` of .any one portion of the bearings.

The holderjof cage 63is provided with an Vupwardly presented spindle 65 which is adapted. toe'iitend through a suitable open .ing in thev bolster 66, as shown in Figs.` l`y` and 13.

The bolster 66 has the ends thereoffpro-` vided' with the pockets shown at 67 to rec eive the holder or cage 63 of the side bearings. -Thepocketsfare preferably formed of the peculiar shape"illustrated in the bottom view ofthe bolster shown in Fig. 12, namely withthe ends flared or enlarged, in `order to permit swinging movement of' the holders or cages 63, 63 inthe angular man ers or cages` 63 being permitted to have movement independent'of thel bolster by circular in cross-section.

I prefer to provi lev an antifri'ction bear ing'between the top of the holders or cages 63 and the bottoni` of the `bolster 66, as shown at 68, see Figs. 13 and l16. The'bear `ings 1S arearrange'd in suitable grooves or depressions in the upper .surface of. Ythe holders or cagessf63 and 1n grooves or race bolster 66, asclea-rly shown in Figs. 12 and V13; thebearingsS being rnerelyprovided nt the `ends of the holders 63.

The central lportion of the bolster 66 is provided with an opening 67" for' the passage of the king-pin 54; 'and is also provided with a suitable circular surface, as

.shown in Fig. 12, to provide a proper bearlng on the vcenter-plate 56, as shown in Fig. "vif 4. The bolster 66 is alsoshovvn provided with suitable surfaces or lguide..shoulders and bolt-receiving holes, whereby the center-sill of the car may be properly held and secured in place.`

'When the. load, carried by the truck, is great venough to depress the bolster 66, the

spring-plate meinbers, mounted in the i members or carriers Y 5T, will be flexed through the` actionof the coluinns 66 ofthe side-bearings, and the rocking movement of the cams or 'fulcrumlevers 53, against ithe -action of spring 55, will cause the 'earns or `fulcrurn levers 5,3 to move the members or carriers'f transversely of the truck, toward `parent from the construction, as illustrated for the membersor carriers 57, Ilarrange a series ofspring-plates 68, seel Figs. et and 5,

in the ends of the chamber formed by the channel 33 and the angle-irons 3l. The cushioning meansy or spring-plates 68 are preferably. of the construction `shownin Fig.` 21-narneiy-Witli angularly formed ends plates, and members or Vfollowersl 69 are provided Vbetween the ldilferent spring' plates 68, see Fig. 5. These followers 69 are preferablyof the construction, as shown in Fig. 22; the curved surfaces in the present instance being presented towardV the outer'` sides of the truck. In order that the pres- .sure mayybeapplied 'ina properumann'er ont-Q the respective spring=plates 66,I a: follower ner due to mbvement of the truck; the holdf "1169 may be arranged immediately adjacent .j' the side of thevmember or carrier 57, or .the

" :side of the carrier or.mernber maybe proreasonof the spindles, 65 which lare made vided with an arcuate surface similar to the central portion of the adjacent spring plate 63. To permit proper fleiting ofthe y cushioning means, the cover-plate 35 is provided with a. concave surface on the inner side. as shown at the right-hand end of Fig; 5; theco'verfplate 35 merely being in normal contact with the opposite ends of the adjacent spring-plateGS.

The cushioning means composed of the spring-`plates 68 and followers 69'areinserted in the chamber preferably from the outer ends thereof after the other parte of the truck have been assembled and put into place; the coverfplates 35 then being bolted 1 ILO against the sides of the truck to close the ends of the chamber.

As Will be seen fromthe construction illustrated, I eliminate the use of the vertically disposed gravity coil-springs heretofore einplovedvfor directly carrying the load, and` V n c substitute a number 'of cushioning elements. edapted to receive end distribute pres "ioning elements, as has been the case in the type of trucks heretoiiore employed.

It is evident'that the arrangement of the V,cushioning means employed in th'e upperl part of the journal-housings, as shown in Fig. 15, and the cushioning means-shownat the ends of the chamber for the traveling members or carriers 57, as Well as otherpor# tions of the truck, 'may be altered in certain respects Without departing from the 'spirit' 'of the invention, and I do not wish .to be understood, therefore, as limiting myself to the exact construction shown and described.

y1. A truck composed of a unitary structure comprising Wheel-sides, journal-housings anfl a cross-girder all formedintegral, and independent reinforcing means embedded in and extending lengthwise of the wheel-sides and lengthwise of the crossgirder.

`2. A truck formed of metal, with the Wheel-sides, journal-housings and a crossgirder constituting 'a unitary structure; the journ al-housings being provided with an integral outer side wall.

3. A truck wherein the wheel-sides, journal-housings and cross-girder form a metallic unit, with the cross-girder provided with an independent reinforcing flanged metallicl member extending lengthwiseof thel cross girder.

'4. Atruck comprising Wheel-sides and a cross-girder cast integral, with the crossgirder provided with an independent reinforcing member extending from wheel-side to wheel-side and cast integral therewith. 5. A truck comprising metallic wheel-sides having' journal-housings formed integral therewith, and a metallic cross-girder cast integral with thc wheel-sides, said girder being formed with upwardly presented sides and Aa central reinforcing rib on the lower side thereof.

6: A truck comprisingy Whcel-sidcs, a. crossgirder, and a metallic reinforcing channel extending lengthwise of the cross-glider andv tansversrely oi the ilvheel-sides, the vvheelsides, cross-girder and metallic channel cons stituting a unitary structure.

7. A truck comprising metallic wheelsides,'journal-housings, and a cross-girder formed integral, the cross-glider being povided with a channel-iron cast integral therewith.

8. A truck composed of integral wheel.-

' sides, journal-housings and a cr'oss-girder,

theI journal-housings being provided with openings in their wheel-sides and adjacent end walls, and members adapted to close lthc openings in the end walls and 'a portion of the openings in the wheel-sides of' the housings.

9'. A trucklcomposedof.wheel-sides, journalhousings and a cross-girder cast integral, the cross-girder being formed to `provide a chamber extending transversely thereof, and a cover-section or member arranged intermediate ofthe Wheel-sides.

10. A truck formed of metal and composed of wheel-sides having journal-housingsl and a cross-girder formed integral, the truck being provided with. a. chamberextending transversely thereof, a cover-section adapted to be secured to the cross-girder, and means for securing the cover-section to thc "cross-girder and above said chamber.l 11. A truck provided with 'vertically disposed fulcrum 'levers arranged intermediate of the Wheel-sides of the truck, adapted to move lengthwise of the crossngirder and take up the load, and meansfor yieldingly maintaining the levers in normal position.

12. A truck provided with verticali;f disposed members arranged intermediate ,of the wheel-sideso'f the truck and having rocking engagement with each other so as to more lengthwise of the cross-girder oi' the'truckv and adapted to take up the load, and means for yieldingly maintaining the members. in normal position. E

13. vA truck. provided with vertically .v disy posed fulcrum levers adapted to take up the load, and cushioning vmeans adapted to receive the end thrust of the levers. j .3

14. A truck provided` with vertically disv posed members'having rocking engagement with each other, and means arranged at the ends of the members for receivingthe end thrust of said members. i

15. A truck provided with; a transversely extending chamber, vertically disposed members adapted totake `up theload-'and arranged to movelengthivise of thechamber. and means for yieldingly maintaining said members' in. normal position,

16. A truck provided .with vertically disposed members having arcuate surfaces adapted to rock upon each other, saidmembers being adapted totakefnp the load, and means for yieldingly maintaining the abuftting ends of saidinembcrs in. an elevated,r position.

17. A truck provided with la transversely extendingvchamber, a. pair, of vertically dis-A posed members mdunted in said chamber and havingarcuate surfaces arranged yto rock upon each other, and means .for vrieldf ingly maintaining the aliutting ends of lsaid members in an" elevatedpositiom Y .18. Atruck provided with a chamber tending -transversely thereof, a, pair y of .vertical'l'vdisposedI members :mountcdf in ,Said chamber and ,having abutting 'arcuate sui;- facesadaptedy to rock upon earh otl1er,"an d meanskarranged in thcJends-oi' said chamber adapted. to receive tlieend thrust of said members. t y

'l means 5,1 u amen. l

20.1111 combination ,witha bolster, a

afs to movefthrough vertically disposed arcs,

posed ulcrum ranged in the ,i means for yleldingly 'with the bolster so as to oscillatedateral and cushioning '19. Incombination with a-bolsterand the center plate of a truck, a pair of fulcrumlevers 'adapted to, carry the center plate, and

for yieldinglymaintaining the inner` nds'of the fulcrum levers in an elevated poair ofiulcrum levers arranged to take u pthe load 'ap lied to the bolster, said levers being mounts inthe cross-girder ofthe truck so and means for yieldingly maintaining the abutting ends of the levers in an elevated position.

21. A truck com rising wheel-sides and a" cross-girder forme integral, a pair of mem` bers mounted on the cross-girder with the abutting ends of said members adaptedto rdck upon each other, means slidably mountedon the cross- 'rder adapted to receive the end thrust ofsaid members, andawshioning means for saidslidably mounted means.

22. A truck providedwith a-chamber extendin ,transversel thereof, vertically dsi levers mounted in said chami er with'their abutting ends adapt-ed to re! ceive the'zlload, sliidably mounted means arehamber at the opposite ends fv aidlevers, and cushioning means arranged intermediate of the `last mentioned i means andthe ends of thecha'mben 23. Aatruck'provided with a pair ofvulcrum 1evers, the abuttingends whereof 1' are adapted to receive the load whilek the free l ends are adapted to slide on the ,cross-gilda,

maintaining the abutting ends in an elevated position, means for vcontrolling said --fulcrum levers, and cushioning means said levers. A truck providedwithside bearings consisting of means 'having pivotal relation' `for the outer or free ends `of lvu "means, slidably mounted .e thecross-girder of the truckadapted to receive the downward thrust 5, 1n bolster, side bearmgs comprising means having pivotal relation with the bolster so as -to y vpermit sidewise oscillation, cushlomng combination witlia Vtruck and its means arrangedon the cross-girder of the v -ings openbn t e truck, and vertically disposed columns iiitei mediate of the first mentioned means and said cushioning means. f

26. A' truck provided with a bolster having pockets in its under surface at the ends thereof, an antifriction bearing-holding member arranged in each pocket and adapted to have sidewise oscillation, and means for transmitting the downward irhist oil the bolster to the cross-girder .of the truck.

2'?, 'In combination `with a truck and its bolster, the latter bcing'provided with peck-f mentioned means.

` member and adapted -t' receive etsl at its ends, anti-riction bearingdiolding members arranged in cach pocket so as to permit sidewise oscillation, and vertically disposed columns intermediate oi each holder and the crosssgirder of thc truck for transmitting a downward pressure :from the former to the latter, the upper ends ot said columns being arranged in contact with antifriction bearings in said holding-menu ber. ,l

28, In combination with :L truclc and its `bolster, side bearings comprising an antiriction bearingdioldingmember arranged in contact with the under surilacc oi' the bolster, the lower surface oi said bearingolding member beingl provided with a socket, and a telescopic column intermediate of said holding member and the ci'oss-girder of the truck, the upper end of said column adaptedto extend into the socket of the y olding member and `arranged to have oscillating relation with the lower portion of said column,

29. In combination with a truck and its bolster means mounted beneath the ends of the bolster andarranged to have side-wise oscillation, and yielding meansmounted on the cross-glrder of the truck and adapted to receive the downward thrust ,of the first 30. A truck comprising wheel-sides and a cross-girdercast integral and provided with a chamber extendinglengthwise of the crossirder v'and transversely ofthe wheel-sides, cad-receiving cushioning means mounted in sa1d chamber, cover-plates foritheends of ysaid chamber, and 'means for securing said cover-plates in place, said securing means being` adapted to constitute transversely extendln reinforcing trussesf-` '31. n a truck,

.whereof .are each providedl with a ball and the end' of the jour- ,socket bearing to receive nal, and cushioning means mounted in the `journal'housings to receive the `vertical thrust. i

32. A truck provided with journal-lions ings open only on the wheelsides thereof,

vand 'anti-friction means mounted in said housings and-arranged to receive theends of the journals. Y i 33;'A, truck roidel with jou'rnal-.lmus wheehsides thereof while theother or outersi'les are closed', a socket member mounted iii each journal dimming, and a balLmeinber arranged in said socket the journal and provide central thrustfor the `end thereof, said'` balldnember having anti-friction relation with the incased ciad of the joui-nah 34, A truck provided with journal-heus ings open onlyL on the wheel-sides thereof, a sectional socket member or cage indnnted in each journalfhousing, one section being lothei'i" 'ournal housings the end of ,25 se. A

catedl on each side of the j urna .ly and' in engagement with the outer closed -endjof said housing, a ball-member mounted in "said' socket member or cage and arranged@toy re,

ceive the end of the journal and provide a journal. v 10 A truck y provided with journal-housings closedat' the outerr sides, socket-means.

mounted in the housings and composed of two' parts disposed on opposite sides of the journal, a spherical member or ball provided with a transverse chamberopening at one side of the ball to receive theend of the journal, the end Wall of the chamber being formed to provide a central end-thrustfor the journal, and' an anti-frictio'bearingholding sleeve adapted to lit into 'said spherisl ""'=cal member or ball, the outer end ofl said journal. f l

truck provided WithA journal-housings, a tivo-part socketfmember vlOrcage mounted in each journal-housing, onepart of said member bein arran ed oneach side of the journal, a bal mem er vmounted-inv en the socket member or cage and provided with an opening toreceiv'e the end ofthe journal, Iand antisfriction bearing-holding means adapted to extend intothe openin ball member and about the end of t e joursnal, the outer vend of ysaid means being 1arranged to inclose the ends .ofthe inclosed anti-frictionbearings and engage withthe journal. 37. A truck provided withjournal-hous- 40 ings, a socket member or cage mounted inI each journal-housing, a ball member mounted in the socket member or cage' and a1.'- ranged to receive the end of the'journaLjan anti-friction bearing-holdin sleeve adapted.` to extend into the ball mem er and encircle the end ofthe journal, and means forfmaintaining said members in the journalhousing.

38. A truckv provided With journalhous ings, ball and socket means mountedinthe` 56 journal-housings, the ball-.portion I;.of said means being arranged tonrecelve the ends-of the journals, and cushioning means arranged above the ball and socket means so as to reY ranged intermediate of the ball and socket means and the inner side Wall of the journalhousings adapted to receive lateral thrusts.

35 e0. A truck provided with. journal-'holsthe.

toreceive tHe-end of theournaLan antifriction bearing-holding .s eeve adapted to 79 extend vinto the b'all member'and encircle the end ofthe journal, the outer end of said sleeve being provided with means to prevent entrance of dirt, and means for maintaining' said elements in the journal housing.

k41. .In 'combination with a. 'truck and its' bolster, side bearings mounted beneat'll,y the ends of the bolster and --adapted to, receive the: downward thrust, spring-plate holding members mountedon the crossfgirderof the .30 truck, andve'rtically, disposed columns adapted to` transmit the pressune from. the side bearings` to the spring-plate holding members.f

42. Inlcombination with a truck and its g5 v bolster, side bearings arranged at the ends sleeve being formed to. engage with the end of the anti-frictionY bearings and with the,

ofy the.y bolster, and cushioningI means yarranged on the Gross-girder of. `.the truck adapted to receive the thrust of the side bear-v ings, said means comprisingafholding mem- 9o berorcasing, a series ofspring-plates mounted in spaced relation to each other in said holdin member o r casing, and 1 ne1nl er siny termedgiate o f-the 'spring plates adapted to transmit pressure from one p latetothe other at the central portion of the plates 43. Atruck provided with integral Wheelsides anda cross -girder, a ycover-section `secured to the cross-girder so as to provide a chamberorchannel extending transversely 10o `of the truclnsaidcha'mber or channel opening atathe sides vrofthe truck, cover-plates' for said-open. ends, and. means for securing the cover-plates inl place, said means being adapted to constitute transversely extending reinforcing trusses.

44. A truck comprising wheel-sides and av cross girder integrally` formed, a-cove1'.sec tion for the cross-girder, vmearlsfor securingv the cover-section on thecross-girder in spaced relation thereto so as to provide a. chamber orchannel extending transversely ofthe truck and opening at the sides thereof, coverplates for the ends of the chamber or channel, and means forsecuring the cover-plates 11 in place, saidmeans being arranged to constitute transversely extending reinforcing trusses. v z

45. A t"-1ckicomprisin`g integral Wheelsides and a .-cross-gird er,ja cover-section sc-` 120 cured 'on the cross-girder and in spaced relation thereto, said covcr-section being provided With a central opening, and a center plate arranged in said opening so as to have vertical play.

46. A truck comprising wheel-sides, journal-housings and a cross-girder all formed of a single piece, and a multiple of truss rods extending transversely. of the truck and. lengthwise of the wheel-sides.

EQU

47. A truck oomprising wheel-sides, join'n nelhonsings and a eross-girder formed of single piece, truss rods extending from Wheel-side to wheel-side lengthwise 'of the y '5 4eross-g'irder.for reinforcing the same, truss rods extending lengthwise of the Wheel sides1 and e cover-section adapted tofbe 'ses cured to the crossgirder. 48. A truck 10 pair of toggle levers mounted in said channel or chamber and adapted to .receive `the load applied 'to the truck, and yielding ineens adeptedto receive the end thrust of said Itoggle levers, said. yielding means compris in? e. series of springpletes held in spaced rea `@tion te each other, and a oilovver mem springqilates ier' ber intermediate of. the transmitting the pressure tion of said plates.

49'. A truck comprising sides and a erossg'irder, a tensive` with the oross-girder and-adapted to ne secured thereto as to provide a chamber extending transversely of the truck, and rods extending fromB the trnek to the eentral porfzo -integral Wheelside to side of along opposite sides of the eross-girder so as tu form trusses for the cross-gilden 50. A truck comprising 'integrally Wheelsides and a cross girder, a cover-sec tion for said crossgirder extending from Wheelsideio Wheelside and adapted to be secured to the erossgirder, and a resilient center-bearing mounted on the orossgirder V$5 and extending through seid oovenseotion. f 51. A; truck comprising erossgirder, a cover-section extending from wheel-side to Wheel-side and'adapted to be` seen-red to the erossgirder so as to provide n chamber, a resilient eenterhearing mounted in said chamber and extending through the covenseotion, and means for distributing the stresses laterally. v

A truck comprising Wheel-sides7 a oross-girder provided with a. tending" lengthwise thereof, a cover-section for said chamber adapted to be secured to the eross-girder. resilient bearings mounted in said chamber and arranged to receive the load ineans'ior distributing the stresses on the rearing transversely oi' the true-lr., and

means extending; transversely of l'the truck y for reinforcing the saine at the points receivin` seid lateral stresses. 55 53. In a truck, bell and socliet means mounted in the journal-housings oi the tr-noli;`

and `adaptevil to receive the ends nais, anti-friction means intermediate of `the journal and said Mfirst mentioned means, en @cushioning ineens arranged in' the journah housings intermediate oi 4the Vfirst mentioned ineens and the walls oi' the housings.

In e truck, the side hearings whereof eoniprise an `anti-rlotion hearing-holder or W" enge provided with an endless rece-wey for ,said holder or enge'and nrovided 'with e channelA orchamber enten ingtransversely thereoi, `a

.tion extending eovenseetion ooenr- Y formed i wheel sides, a

ehamher exl en the hearings, said holder or cage 'heling nro 'vided with an opening in t .le .lower surte-,ee thereof, ende vertically disposez e niemeer column extending; through 'the opening; n y in engagement with the anti-friction hearings end arranged to transmit the vertical stresses ige the einesw girder of the truck.

55. A truck oemprising integral vvlieelssides and eerosswgirderya e from wheelside to i. and iikirediy secured to the V' coverseeti on heingr provided with i, portionsfor niair :lining a spe between the cover-section re {Yirder so as to provide einnine of the oroseigirder7 and a hearing mounted en the er tending through said nei 56. A trncir compri y Wheelsides and e esos.,- tion extending from wheel and adapted to lie finer" v orossgirder, the erossqg;M tion being so formed as: t 1, her between extending lens; the cover-section being provided iv ings for pessageoi the cents-emailing a n side-bearings, the Centenlieering enr bearings being mounted on the cross-5in ii. 57. A truck provided with a peli. oi ticallj; disposed fulrrin'n levers: er, enger., terinediate of the wheelvsides nii the tr sind adapted to more lengthwise of the om girder to taire up the leed, the aluittine of said levers heiner soeieiied for n n eenteripin, and. ineens henri' on the ,qirder of the trneli: end seatm il ed ends of said levers whereby 'the yieldingly innintaineifl in normal position.

58. intrus-l provided j v i rross-girder, a (renter-nie, ten were the cross-glider. vertiealiv disposed ink-.ruin levers arranged intermedi-.ite nii the wheelsides of the truuk i nd in s .ing engagement with lthe eross-girder oi? the inrncir ad; ,eid to take up lthe leed, the nfjijaeent 'levers being 'arranged to roet.' othe1- and have slidingA enge n centenplai'e, end means 'errnnged inter mediate of the eroesgirder und l"i adjacent ends of the levers for yieidinggly inaineednm ing the latter in normal position.

A truck ooinprising; i efrraflly tierno wl'ieensides and rrossgi' 1 e tiondixedlv seein-ed to il' e j. and provide a levers and to prevent th fr di. y

'iii

placement of the center-pin. and said' everrfs.'

'61. A truck enmprising wheel-sides and a, 15 erossgirder formed integral, independent.

reinforcing means kenst .integral with the cross-girder and extending longitudinally thereof and transversely of the Wheel-sides,

and reinforcing means extendlng length wise 20 of 'the wheebsides and in Contact' with the bottom of the. ends 'of the reinforcmg means 1n the cress-g1rder 'so as to constltute srusselements. 1 n

wWU'JLIA/ L CASVELLz itnesses r GEORGE HEIDMAN, vE A, FLORELL; 

